Table 4.

Summary of prognostic biomarkers for acute peripheral facial palsy (Immunologic parameter).

Author (Year)	Study Design	Sample Size	Age (years)	Biomarkers	Results/Conclusions
Kaygusuz et al. (2004) [44]	Prospective	30 patients, 30 controls	38.7 ± 15.3 (Mean)	TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD16+ plus 56+	CD4+ cell and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lower and the percentage of the CD8+ and CD16+ plus 56+ cells higher compared with the control group. The levels of TNF-α were lower, whereas IFN-γ and TGF-β1 were higher
Tekgul et al. (2004) [15]	Prospective	17 patients, 20 controls	7.82 ± 4.41, 12.4 ± 8.4	Immunologic parameters (total T cells (CD3+), B cells (CD19+), T helper/inducer cells (CD4+), T cytotoxic (CD8+), and natural killer cells (CD16+ CD56+)	We did not find any prognostic significance of lymphocyte subset analysis in peripheral blood to predict outcome in patients with unsatisfactory recovery
Yılmaz et al. (2002) [45]	Prospective	23 patients, 30 controls	40.2 ± 15.7, 42.4 ± 8.4 (Mean)	Immunologic parameters (IL-1β, IL-2r, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α)	The cytokine levels of did not correlate with the degree of recovery