Table 3.

Fibrinogen molecular modifications and cardiovascular risk. CVD - cardiovascular disease; CAD—Coronary artery disease; MACE—major adverse cardiovascular events.

Gene	Polymorphism/Mutation	Effect on Cardiovascular Risk	Bibliography
FGG	γ′ fibrinogen	↑ myocardial infraction ↑/↔ CVD ↓ venous thromboembolism and ischemic stroke	[67,74,76,77]
	rs7681423 and rs1049636	↔ CVD	[67]
	rs2066865	↑ microvascular thrombosis	[75]
FGB	-455 G/A	↔ venous thromboembolism ↓ venous thromboembolism (Caucasians) ↑ ischemic stroke (Asian) ↔ ischemic stroke (Caucasians and children) ↑ cerebral infarction ↑ CAD ↑ cardioembolic stroke	[84,85,86,87,88,89]
	-148 C/T	↔ venous thromboembolism ↑ ischemic stroke (Asians and Caucasians) ↑ cerebral infarction ↑ CAD ↑ MACE	[84,85,86]
	-1420 (AG + AA) and -148 (CT + TT)	↑ lower extremity deep venous thrombosis	[95]