Table 1.

Effects of polyphenols in autophagy in OA model.

Polyphenol	Assay	Effect on Autophagy	Mechanism	Ref.
Resveratrol	in vivo	Activation	AMPK/mTOR pathway	[63]
	in vitro	Activation	AMK/SIRT1 pathway	[64]
	in vitro	Activation	PI3K/AKT pathway	[65]
Butein	ex vivo	Increase of autophagic flux	AMPK/TSC2/ULK1/mTOR pathway	[66]
Olive polyphenols	in vitro	Activation	Suirtin-1 signaling	[67]
Mangiferin	in vitro	Increase of autophagic flux	AMPK signaling	[43]
Curcumin	in vitro	Activation	Akt/mTOR signaling pathway	[68]
Propolis polyphenols	in vitro	Reduction of protein autophagy	ROS signaling	[44]