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. 2021 Dec 29;23(1):355. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010355

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Phospho-BTK is localized to microglia 3 days following SCI, measured by immunofluorescence imaging. Photomicrographs of representative transverse spinal sections taken from spinal cord injured rat. Double immunofluorescent imaging analysis of spinal cord sections at lesion site showed phospho-BTK (red) expressed in microglia (Iba1, green) 3 days post-injury. The sections were immunostained with a primary antibody against phospho-BTK (red), and Iba1 (green) and counterstained with DAPI to identify cell nuclei. Phospho-BTK immunostaining was uniformly observed in cells immunoreactive for Iba1 (a specific calcium-binding protein for activation of microglia and macrophages [54]). This is from 3 days post SCI, at which time the Iba1 cells are predominantly microglia. The SCI conditions are as described in other figures. The images were obtained from the ventral white matter, in a section rostral 1 mm from the lesion epicenter using the Nikon confocal microscopy system (Nikon C2+, Melville, NY, USA) in the Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center imaging core at the University of Kentucky. Scale bar: 10 μm.