Figure 1.

Summary of cytokines network involved in CRSwNP. OSM: oncostatin M; MBP: major basic protein; ECP: eosinophilic cationic protein; EDN: eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. Following an aggression of the nasal epithelium by S. aureus, Alternaria or allergens, a Th2 inflammatory response is induced by IL-1α, IL-33, IL-25, TSLP and TNFα. IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 cause IgE production and mast cell degranulation, and IL-5 causes eosinophil activation and survival. These phenomena, associated with the action of OSM and TGF-β, lead to tissue remodeling characterized by alteration of the epithelium and fibrosis.