Schematic of the in vivo experimental method timeline. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were isolated from rat subcutaneous adipose tissue then cultured on either fibronectin-coated 1 kPa polyacrylamide gels for two weeks or tissue culture plastic (TCP) for one week before injection. (lightning bolt = surgery, syringe = injection). Representative sagittal histology (toluidine blue) illustrate joint anatomy (top row scale bar = 1 mm) and general characteristics of the anterior capsule (bottom row scale bar = 400 μm) after 21 days of immobilization. (dotted square = region of interest shown at higher magnification in the bottom row, C = capsule, H = humerus, R = radius, M = muscle, INJ-TCP = injured and injected with cells cultured on tissue culture plastic (TCP), INJ-GEL = injured and injected with cells cultured on fibronectin-coated 1 kPa polyacrylamide gels).