Awad 1995.

Methods	RCT
Participants	40 patients Tertiary care Rome criteria Mean age 31.3 years 100% female
Interventions	Spasmolytic pinaverium 50 mg od for 3 weeks
Outcomes	Abdominal pain, continuous symptom score, continuous
Notes	No run‐in
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Adequate
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind, identical placebo, neither doctors nor patients knew which treatment was given
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Two dropouts one from each treatment group
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All expected outcomes were reported
Other bias	Low risk	The study appears to be free of other sources of bias