Ritchie 1979.

Methods	RCT
Participants	24 patients Secondary setting Diagnostic criteria not defined Mean age 38 years 77% female
Interventions	Bulking agent 4 weeks ispaghula husk, 1 sachet 2 dd Spasmolytics hyoscine 4 dd 10 mg 4 weeks
Outcomes	Global assessment, dichotomous
Notes	Hospital setting No run‐in
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Centralized randomization by hospital pharmacist
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind, double‐dummy. Dummy preparations were identical to active
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	4 drop‐outs
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Expected outcomes were reported
Other bias	Low risk	The study appears to be free of other sources of bias