QseF-controlled GlmY regulated expression of flhDC, rcsB and cheA. (A) The glmY promoter activity in the wild-type, qseF mutant and qseF-complemented strain. (B) The flhDC promoter activity in the wild-type, mutants of qseF and glmY and the complemented strains. (C) The mRNA level of flhDC, rcsB and cheA in the wild-type, mutants of qseF and glmY and the complemented strains. In (A,B), bacteria cultures were spread on LB agar plate and XylE promoter activities were determined as described in Materials and Methods after incubation for 3, 5 and 7 h at 37 °C. In (C), the mRNA amount was measured at 5 h after inoculation on the LB agar plate. The value for the wild-type was set at 1, and other data are presented relative to this value. The data are the averages and standard deviations of three independent experiments. Significant difference from the wild-type is indicated (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 by the Student’s t test). wt, wild-type; qseF, qseF mutant; glmY, glmY mutant; qseFc, qseF- complemented strain; glmYc, glmY-complemented strain.