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. 2022 Jan 7;8(1):e31066. doi: 10.2196/31066

Table 2.

Summary statistics.

Variable name Mean (SD) value Minimum value Maximum value
Dependent variable



Total cases, n (98 countries) 113,021.2 (464,974.3) 20 4,498,343

Fatality rate, % (95 countries) 3.32 (3.18) 0.05 15.26

Number of days, n (91 countries) 51.02 (29.30) 11 139
Control variables



GDPa PPPb, US $ billions (98 countries) 734.76 (2,290.02) 9.03 21,427.70

Unemployment rate, % (98 countries) 6.55 (4.68) 0.09 28.18

Population density, persons/km2 (98 countries) 256.50 (919.32) 2.11 8737.02

Percentage aged 60 or older, % (98 countries) 15.32 (8.85) 3.19 34.02

Annual rainfall, mm (98 countries) 78.85 (54.56) 1.53 244.87

Annual temperature, °C (98 countries) 16.74 (8.57) −4.97 29.29

Early lockdown, dichotomous (98 countries) 0.36 (0.48) 0 1

Individualism, numeric score (68 countries) 42.85 (23.57) 6 91

Uncertainty avoidance, numeric score (68 countries) 66.97 (22.67) 8 100
Distancing-enabling ICTc infrastructure



Credit card ownership rate, % (98 countries) 21.23 (22.25) 0 83

Broadband speed, Mbps (98 countries) 45.47 (36.40) 4.18 191.93
Medical ICT infrastructure



Telehealth policy (stated), dichotomous (98 countries) 0.22 (0.42) 0 1

Telehealth policy (implied), dichotomous (98 countries) 0.37 (0.49) 0 1

Government health websites, dichotomous (98 countries) 0.61 (0.49) 0 1

Training ICT health, dichotomous (98 countries) 0.82 (0.39) 0 1

National EHRd, dichotomous (98 countries) 0.47 (0.50) 0 1

aGDP: gross domestic product.

bPPP: purchasing power parity.

cICT: information and communications technology.

dEHR: electronic health record.