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. 2022 Jan 7;8(1):e31066. doi: 10.2196/31066

Table 5.

Main regression results for the full sample with the dependent variable log (number of days).

Variable Model 1a (baseline model), regression coefficient (SE) P value Model 2b (including culture), regression coefficient (SE) P value Model 3c (interaction effects), regression coefficient (SE) P value
General variable






log (GDPd PPPe) −0.130 (0.044) .005 −0.08 (0.055) .15 −0.061 (0.058) .29

Unemployment rate −0.001 (0.006) .84 −0.001 (0.007) .87 0.004 (0.008) .61

log (population density) −0.068 (0.047) .16 −0.089 (0.064) .17 −0.079 (0.066) .24

Percentage aged 60 or older 0.005 (0.005) .30 0.01 (0.008) .23 0.003 (0.008) .71

log (annual rainfall) 0.032 (0.063) .62 −0.05 (0.104) .63 −0.057 (0.105) .59

Annual temperature 0.010 (0.005) .03 0.008 (0.007) .21 0.006 (0.007) .36

Early lockdown −0.096 (0.055) .09 −0.118 (0.069) .09 −0.118 (0.075) .13

Individualism N/Af N/A −0.002 (0.002) .46 −0.002 (0.002) .46

Uncertainty avoidance N/A N/A −0.003 (0.002) .17 −0.002 (0.002) .26
Distancing-enabling ICTg infrastructure






Credit card ownership rate −0.0003 (0.002) .88 −0.001 (0.002) .56 0.0004 (0.002) .88

log (broadband speed) −0.125 (0.113) .27 −0.208 (0.140) .14 −0.260 (0.146) .08
Medical ICT infrastructure






Telehealth policy (stated) 0.002 (0.066) .98 0.009 (0.081) .91 −0.328 (0.260) .21

Telehealth policy (implied) 0.001 (0.055) .99 0.042 (0.071) .56 −0.357 (0.183) .06

Government health websites 0.017 (0.061) .78 0.047 (0.085) .59 0.067 (0.117) .57

Training ICT health 0.055 (0.070) .44 0.042 (0.091) .65 −0.203 (0.128) .12

National EHRh −0.029 (0.049) .55 0.018 (0.062) .77 0.038 (0.096) .70
Interaction






Telehealth policy (stated)×government health websites N/A N/A N/A N/A −0.015 (0.183) .94

Telehealth policy (implied)×government health websites N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.02 (0.144) .89

Telehealth policy (stated)×training ICT health N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.415 (0.304) .18

Telehealth policy (implied)×training ICT health N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.506 (0.188) .01

Telehealth policy (stated)×national EHR N/A N/A N/A N/A −0.013 (0.178) .94

Telehealth policy (implied)×national EHR N/A N/A N/A N/A −0.107 (0.159) .50
Constant 3.131 (0.520) <.001 3.078 (0.690) <.001 3.163 (0.723) <.001

aModel 1: 91 observations; R2=0.341; adjusted R2=0.219.

bModel 2: 65 observations; R2=0.329; adjusted R2=0.105.

cModel 3: 65 observations; R2=0.440; adjusted R2=0.146.

dGDP: gross domestic product.

ePPP: purchasing power parity.

fN/A: not applicable.

gICT: information and communications technology.

hEHR: electronic health record.