Table 2.
Univariate Cox regression analysis of 4-year all-cause death.
| Variables | HR (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | <0.001 |
| Sex (female vs. male) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 0.637 |
| Smoking (yes vs. no) | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 0.421 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (yes vs. no) | 1.36 (1.08–1.71) | <0.010 |
| Dyslipidemia (yes vs. no) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 0.884 |
| Statin use (yes vs. no) | 1.06 (0.89–1.26) | 0.532 |
| CKD (yes vs. no) | 1.68 (1.41–2.02) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 0.56 (0.47–0.68) | <0.001 |
| Troponin T | 1.14 (1.06–1.24) | 0.001 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 2.31 (1.98–2.70) | <0.001 |
| LVEF ≤ 40% (yes vs. no) | 0.93 (0.79–1.11) | 0.431 |
| NYHA class (III–IV vs. I–II) | 1.79 (1.50–2.13) | <0.001 |
| HF of ischemic etiology (yes vs. no) | 1.49 (1.26–1.77) | <0.001 |
| Previous stroke (yes vs. no) | 1.29 (0.99–1.65) | 0.050 |
| Previous peripheral artery disease (yes vs. no) | 1.42 (1.15–1.75) | 0.001 |
| Previous COPD (yes vs. no) | 1.34 (1.11–1.63) | 0.003 |
| Last-year acute heart failure admission (yes vs. no) | 1.88 (1.46–2.42) | <0.001 |
HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ProBNP: N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide; HF: heart failure; NYHA: New York Heart Association; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.