Histological findings and mRNA expression analyses at 56 days, after exposure to isoproterenol or saline infusion and recovery, in young and elderly mice. (A) Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (CSA) in the four study groups. A representative microphotograph for each one of them is shown (magnification ×40). N = 5/5 in sham/ISO-treated young mice; N = 3/4 in sham/ISO-treated elderly mice. (B) Quantification of collagen deposition in picrosirius-stained sections in the four study groups. Representative microphotographs are shown (magnification ×20). (C) mRNA expression of collagen I and collagen III in the four study groups. N = 6/7 in sham/ISO-treated young mice; N = 3/4 in sham/ISO-treated elderly mice. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.