Table 3.
Comparisons of YGTSS-TTS and YGTTS subscales between iCBT, placebo, and f2f CBIT at 1 week after end of treatment (V3, primary endpoint) and follow-up visits (V4, V5).
| Group 1 vs. 2 | Variable (Change-to-Baseline) | Visit | Group 1: LS Mean (95% CI) |
Group 2: LS Mean (95% CI) |
LS Mean Diff Arm 1–2 (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iCBIT vs. placebo | YGTSS-TTS | V3 | −2.54 (−3.53; −1.55) | −1.26 (−2.16; −0.35) | −1.28 (−2.58; 0.01) | 0.053 |
| V4 | −3.69 (−4.84; −2.54) | −1.44 (−2.48; −0.40) | −2.25 (−3.75; −0.75) | 0.003 * | ||
| V5 | −4.27 (−5.47; −3.07) | −1.56 (−2.63; −0.48) | −2.71 (−4.27; −1.16) | <0.001 * | ||
| YGTSS-MTS | V3 | −1.31 (−1.84; −0.77) | −0.42 (−0.91; 0.07) | −0.89 (−1.59; −0.19) | 0.013 * | |
| V4 | −2.29 (−2.91; −1.68) | −0.41 (−0.97; 0.14) | −1.88 (−2.68; −1.08) | <0.001 * | ||
| V5 | −2.62 (−3.28; −1.96) | −0.91 (−1.50; −0.32) | −1.71 (−2.56; −0.86) | <0.001 * | ||
| YGTSS-VTS | V3 | −1.26 (−1.95; −0.56) | −0.86 (−1.50; −0.23) | −0.40 (−1.31; 0.52) | 0.395 | |
| V4 | −1.51 (−2.31; −0.71) | −1.05 (−1.78; −0.33) | −0.46 (−1.50; 0.59) | 0.390 | ||
| V5 | −1.69 (−2.52; −0.85) | −0.69 (−1.42; 0.05) | −1.00 (−2.08; 0.07) | 0.068 | ||
| YGTSS- Impairment |
V3 | −5.20 (−7.39; −3.01) | −1.77 (−3.78; 0.24) | −3.43 (−6.29; −0.56) | 0.019 * | |
| V4 | −6.32 (−8.84; −3.79) | −3.52 (−5.83; −1.22) | −2.80 (−6.10; 0.51) | 0.097 | ||
| V5 | −6.38 (−9.16; −3.60) | −1.25 (−3.70; 1.21) | −5.13 (−8.72; −1.54) | 0.005 * | ||
| iCBIT vs. f2f CBIT |
YGTSS-TTS | V3 | −2.71 (−3.74; −1.68) | −3.69 (−5.54; −1.83) | 0.98 (−1.01; 2.96) | 0.333 |
| V4 | −3.93 (−5.12; −2.73) | −5.74 (−7.96; −3.53) | 1.82 (−0.54; 4.18) | 0.130 | ||
| V5 | −4.48 (−5.76; −3.20) | −4.73 (−7.04; −2.42) | 0.25 (−2.23; 2.73) | 0.841 | ||
| YGTSS-MTS | V3 | −1.45 (−2.04; −0.86) | −2.26 (−3.34; −1.17) | 0.81 (−0.34; 1.95) | 0.166 | |
| V4 | −2.46 (−3.13; −1.79) | −2.82 (−4.07; −1.56) | 0.35 (−0.97; 1.68) | 0.601 | ||
| V5 | −2.77 (−3.51; −2.04) | −2.62 (−3.96; −1.28) | −0.15 (−1.57; 1.28) | 0.838 | ||
| YGTSS-VTS | V3 | −1.28 (−1.99; −0.57) | −1.53 (−2.79; −0.27) | 0.25 (−1.11; 1.61) | 0.717 | |
| V4 | −1.56 (−2.38; −0.75) | −3.06 (−4.56; −1.56) | 1.50 (−0.12; 3.12) | 0.070 | ||
| V5 | −1.74 (−2.61; −0.88) | −2.24 (−3.76; −0.72) | 0.50 (−1.16; 2.16) | 0.556 | ||
| YGTSS- Impairment |
V3 | −5.55 (−7.84; −3.25) | −5.97 (−10.16; −1.78) | 0.43 (−4.04; 4.89) | 0.851 | |
| V4 | −6.73 (−9.34; −4.12) | −5.61 (−10.51; −0.70) | −1.13 (−6.35; 4.10) | 0.672 | ||
| V5 | −6.76 (−9.59; −3.94) | −5.82 (−10.92; −0.72) | −0.95 (−6.44; 4.54) | 0.734 | ||
| placebo vs. f2f CBIT | YGTSS-TTS | V3 | −1.09 (−2.00; −0.18) | −2.35 (−4.10; −0.59) | 1.26 (−0.59; 3.10) | 0.180 |
| V4 | −1.23 (−2.25; −0.21) | −3.71 (−5.74; −1.68) | 2.48 (0.36; 4.60) | 0.022 * | ||
| V5 | −1.38 (−2.44; −0.32) | −2.71 (−4.82; −0.61) | 1.33 (−0.85; 3.52) | 0.230 | ||
| YGTSS-MTS | V3 | −0.34 (−0.84; 0.15) | −1.46 (−2.41; −0.51) | 1.12 (0.13; 2.11) | 0.027 * | |
| V4 | −0.33 (−0.89; 0.24) | −1.83 (−2.95; −0.70) | 1.50 (0.33; 2.67) | 0.012 * | ||
| V5 | −0.85 (−1.47; −0.24) | −1.72 (−2.92; −0.51) | 0.86 (−0.39; 2.12) | 0.177 | ||
| YGTSS-VTS | V3 | −0.80 (−1.41; −0.18) | −0.95 (−2.13; 0.23) | 0.15 (−1.09; 1.40) | 0.808 | |
| V4 | −0.95 (−1.62; −0.27) | −1.95 (−3.28; −0.61) | 1.00 (−0.40; 2.40) | 0.161 | ||
| V5 | −0.58 (−1.27; 0.11) | −1.06 (−2.41; 0.29) | 0.48 (−0.94; 1.90) | 0.506 | ||
| YGTSS- Impairment |
V3 | −1.20 (−3.08; 0.67) | −4.60 (−8.17; −1.02) | 3.39 (−0.38; 7.17) | 0.077 | |
| V4 | −2.90 (−5.13; −0.66) | −3.10 (−7.53; 1.33) | 0.20 (−4.46; 4.87) | 0.931 | ||
| V5 | −0.57 (−2.97; 1.82) | −3.11 (−7.77; 1.55) | 2.54 (−2.42; 7.49) | 0.314 |
iCBIT: Internet-delivered Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics; f2f CBIT: face-to-face Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics; YGTSS-MTS: Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Motor Tic Score; YGTSS-VTS: Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Vocal Tic Score; YGTSS-TTS: Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic Score; YGTSS-impairment: Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Impairment Score; LS: least square; Diff: difference; CI: confidence interval; V: visit; * p < 0.05; bold: trends, p < 0.10; negative values favor group 1.