Table 4.
Overview of studies involving PDLSC secretome.
| Secretome Type | Administration | Preclinical Model | Factors Contained in Secretome |
Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CM obtained from PDLSCs of RR-MS patients | - | NSC-34 neurons treated with the medium of Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW macrophage | IL-10, TGF-β | ↓ inflammation and apoptosis ↑ IL-10 and neuroprotective markers |
[93] |
| CM from PDLSCs of healthy subjects or RR-MS patients | - | PMA differentiated THP-1 cells, undifferentiated and PMA-differentiated MO3.13 cells treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS | - | ↓ TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 levels | [94] |
| CM and EXOs/MVs (EMVs) from PDLSCs obtained from RR-MS patients and healthy donors | Intravenous at disease onset | EAE induced C57BL/6 mice | IL-10 and TGF-β | ↑ remyelination of spinal cord ↓ inflammation in spinal cord and spleen and apoptosis |
[95] |
| CM and EXOs/MVs (EMVs) from PDLSCs obtained from RR-MS patients | Intravenous at disease onset | EAE induced C57BL/6 mice | IL-10, SDF-1α, TGF-β, IL-15, MCP-1 and MIP-1α | ↓ NALP3 inflammasome activation, TLR-4 and NF-κB | [96] |
| CM obtained from PDLSCs cultured in hypoxic conditions | Intravenous 14 days after EAE induction | EAE induced C57BL/6 mice; Scratch injured murine motor-neuron-like NSC-34 cells | NT3, IL-10 and TGF-β | In vivo: ↓ clinical and histologic disease score, inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress and apoptosis↑ remyelination in spinal cord, IL-37, activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In vitro: ↓ inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis |
[97] |
CM, conditioned medium; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; EMVs, EXOs/MVs; EXOs, exosomes; IL, interleukin; MCP, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein; MIP, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein; MVs, microvesicles; NF-κB, Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NT, neurotrophin; PMA, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PDLSCs, periodontal ligament stem cells; RR-MS, relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; SDF-1α, stromal cell–derived factor 1α; TGF, transforming growth factor; TLR, Toll like receptor; TNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor; ↑, increase/improvements; ↓, reduction.