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. 2021 Dec 29;23(1):375. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010375

Figure 2.

Figure 2

CCN2(IV) promotes SMAD pathway activation by phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 in vitro. CCN2(IV) (50 ng/mL) induced SMAD3 (A) and SMAD2 (B) phosphorylation in VSMCs at early time-points (5 to 20 min) represented as p-SMAD3 and p-SMAD2 respectively. These results agreed with an increase in the nuclear translocation of p-SMAD2 (C) and SMAD4 (D) after 10 and 20 min of treatment with CCN2(IV) in VSMCs. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of 4 independent experiments. * p < 0.05 increased vs. Basal.