Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia collected at inclusion into the study.
| NIRS Not Required (42) | NIRS Required (78) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.14 ± 13.62 | 66.15 ± 11.66 | 0.431 | |
| Gender | F | 21 (50%) | 27 (34.6%) | 0.121 |
| M | 21 (50%) | 51 (65.4%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.67 ± 2.48 | 26.82 ± 5.79 | 0.449 | |
| Tobacco use | 3 (7.1%) | 3 (3.8%) | 0.700 | |
| Comorbidities: | ||||
| Hypertension | 30 (71.4%) | 36 (46.1%) | 0.007 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (7.1%) | 9 (11.5%) | 0.433 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (14.3%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0.017 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 15 (35.7%) | 12 (15.4%) | 0.013 | |
| Coronary heart disease | 12 (28.6%) | 15 (19.2%) | 0.248 | |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 6 (14.3%) | 12 (15.4%) | 0.872 | |
| Clinical characteristics: | ||||
| Onset of COVID-19 symptoms (days) | 5.3 ± 3.3 | 7.3 ± 3.8 | 0.01 | |
| Body Temperature (°C) | 36.8 ±0.8 | 37.2± 0.9 | 0.038 | |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 86.6 ± 7.4 | 85.8 ± 8.7 | 0.654 | |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 21.5 ± 8.1 | 23.1 ± 7.7 | 0.314 | |
| Dyspnea at rest (Nº of patients) | 12 (28.6%) | 45 (57.7%) | 0.02 | |
| SCBT | 30.4 ± 6.9 | 24.5 ± 6.4 | <0.0001 | |
| FiO2 | 0.2 ±0.02 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.005 | |
| SpO2/FiO2 | 431.1 ± 39.1 | 357.8 ± 104.9 | 0.001 | |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 299.01 ± 95.1 | 235.1 ± 53.4 | 0.0001 | |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 40.1 ± 6.7 | 35.1 ± 4.1 | <0.0001 | |
| pH | 7.4 ± 0.02 | 7.5 ± 0.06 | 0.0001 | |
| D-dimer (mcg/mL) | 1.02 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.503 | |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 489.9 ± 440.5 | 993.9 ± 910.6 | 0.003 | |
| LDH (U/L) | 593.0 ± 107.2 | 698.9 ± 186.1 | 0.009 | |
Abbreviations: NIRS, non-invasive respiratory strategies; BMI, body mass index; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; SpO2, pulse oximetry; SBCT, single-breath counting test, LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase.