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The evolution of hip joint replacements.
| Development Stage | Representative Structure | Representative Example | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early stage (approximately before 2002) | Typical structure |  |
[12] | |
| Nowadays (approximately 2002 to present) | Porous materials | Internal cellular structure |  |
[16] |
| Internal TPMS structure |  |
[17] | ||
| Functionally graded implant | Functionally graded material |  |
[9] | |
| Functionally graded microstructure |  |
[8] | ||
