Table 1.

Typical plant hormones in microalgae. Adapted with the permission from Elsevier (2020) [22].

	Structural Formula	Targets Promoted	Reference
Auxins		Growth Lipid Chlorophyll-a Soluble proteins	[25] [26] [27]
Cytokinin		Biomass Lipid Carbohydrate Proteins	[29] [30]
Abscisic acid		Growth β-carotene Lipid Carotenoids	[35]
Ethylene		A-tocopherol C-aminobutyric acid Proline Astaxanthin	[37] [38] [40]
Gibberellin A4		Biomass Lipid Carbohydrate Proteins	[42] [43] [44]
Brassinolide		Protein Nucleic acid Carbohydrate Photosynthetic pigments	[46] [47]
Jasmonoyl-isoleucine		Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Carotenoids	[51,52,53]
Salicylic acid		Astaxanthin β-carotene Carbohydrates Proteins	[50] [51]