Table 1.

Characteristics of the 141 included studies in adults.

Characteristics	Number of Studies (n)
Europe	74 (mostly Germany, UK)
South/East Asia	33 (mostly Taiwan, India, China)
North America	22 (mostly US)
Australasia	8
South America	2 (Brazil)
West Asia	2 (Israel, Jordan)
Women only	27
Men only	9
Older adults 1	11
Nutrient intake, assessed from foods only	66
Nutrient intake, assessed from foods and supplements	17
Nutrient status in non-users of supplements	44
Nutrient status in users and non-users of supplements	55
Meat-eating	101
Vegetarian	118
Vegan	63
Semi-vegetarian	7
Pesco-vegetarian	6
High/medium/low animal protein intake	2
High/medium/low meat intake	1

¹ Post-menopausal women (mean age 52–60 year) and older men/women (mean age 62–84 year).