Figure 5.

Overview of Tumor-Associated Macrophage (TAM). TAM is produced from monocytes recruited at the tumor site by molecules produced by TME. Major factors involved in TAM are the chemokines (CCLs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukins (ILs), transforming growth factor (TGFa), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), extracellular matrix proteins (ECM), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF). TAM produces several molecules that sustain malignant cell survival, modify neoplastic ECM proteins, enhance invasion and metastasis, promote the development of a newly formed vessel, and assist tumor cells in their progression. TQ potentially inhibits TAM-related expression of various factors and proteins, resulting in decreasing angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of TNBC.