Table 5.

Overview of studies reporting on the feasibility of digital tools to support dietary self-management of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Author (Country)	Stated Aim of the Study	Participants, Setting	Study Type	Key Findings
Gianfrancesco et al. [36] (UK)	To explore the feasibility of an online ‘myfood24’ dietary assessment tool in women with GDM	199 women with GDM, diabetes clinic	Mixed method Quantitative (N = 216): Questionnaire- actual use, intention to use Qualitative (N = 15): Semi-structured interview-perceived appropriateness	‘myfood24′ is feasible (mean 70.9, 95% CI 67.1, 74.6)
Hewage et al. [33] (Singapore)	To investigate perception of patient and health care providers on barriers and preferred intervention to manage GDM.	216 pregnant women with GDM, diabetes clinic	Mixed method Quantitative (N = 216): Questionnaire-intention to use, actual use Qualitative (N = 15): Semi-structured interview-perceived appropriateness	Web-based support perceived to be feasible in 80.9% of the participants
Sayakhot et al. [27] (Australia)	To explore the feasibility of using a web-based intervention to support on healthy diet and other lifestyle management in women with GDM	116 pregnant women with GDM, diabetes clinic	RCT-Actual use, perceived appropriateness Intervention (N = 56): Web-based intervention and standard care Control (N = 60): Standard care	Feasible to improve GDM knowledge about GDM (48.2% vs. 46.7%) and high GI carbohydrate (62.5% vs.58.3%)
Skar et al. 2018 [26] (Norway)	To explore the experiences of women with GDM while using pregnancy+ app for health and nutrition information to control blood Glu	17 pregnant women with GDM, 5 diabetic clinics	Qualitative (Semi-structured interview)-perceived appropriateness	The pregnancy+ was perceived to be appropriate in providing easily accessible dietary advice on blood Glu, health, and nutrition in 88.3% of the participants. DA and Glu values in the app not always in agreement with the recommendation from midwives.