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. 2021 Dec 22;12(1):18. doi: 10.3390/nano12010018

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Schematic illustration explains the microfluidic reconstruction of miRNA-loaded extracellular vesicles (EVs) for intranasal delivery towards the enhancements of theranostic imaging in glioblastoma tumor-bearing mice model. (b) H&E and confocal laser scanning immunohistochemical images of cranial sections of animals treated with IN delivered EVs and (c) corresponding therapeutic monitoring of IN delivered EVs associated targeted nanomaterial platform with respective control groups, in co-treatment with temozolomide in vivo. (d) Diagrammatic and sagittal views of the brain delivered with EVs associated nanomaterials by ex vivo bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging showing intranasal administration at varied time-points in vivo. Shown data represents mean ± S.E.M; *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [68]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society.