Table 8.
Fractional absorption of calcium from calcium-fortified food products.
| Foods | Serving Size (g or mL) | Calcium Load (mg) | Fractional Calcium Absorption (%) a | Meal Composition | Isotopic Method b | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orange juice with calcium citrate | 180 mL | 300 | 40.1 (2.1) | Orange juices were ingested without meal | R/E | [154] |
| Orange juice with calcium malate | 180 mL | 300 | 40.6 (2.2) | |||
| Milk 2% fat | 240 mL | 260 | 21.7 (0.9) | Foods were ingested with a slice of calcium-free toast | DSI/E |
[88] |
| Soy drink with calcium carbonate | 240 mL | 260 | 21.1 (1.3) | |||
| Soy drink with tricalcium phosphate | 240 mL | 260 | 18.1 (0.9) | |||
| Milk | A cup of milk | 300 | 36.27 (2.2) | Foods were ingested as a part of a standard breakfast consisting of two pieces of toasted white bread with butter or margarine and a cup of coffee or tea (with artificial sweetener, if desired). One of the two pieces of bread was calcium fortified | R/E | [112] |
| Bread with calcium sulphate | 16.8 g | 300 | 43.02 (2.5) | |||
| Medium fat milk (2.8 g fat/L) | 200 mL | 223.2 | 25.0 (2.2) | Milk was ingested with 300 mL distilled water after an overnight fast | DSI/E | [111] |
| Mineral water with calcium sulfate | 500 mL | 224 | 23.8 (1.6) | Water was ingested without meal | ||
| Milk 2% fat | 67.3 g | 250 | 54.8 (4) | Test foods were ingested with breakfast (not specified) | SSI/E | [80] |
| Tofu with calcium chloride | DNS | 250 | 49.3 (5.6) | SSI/E | ||
| Skim milk | DNS | 200 | 39.8 (3) | Test meals were ingested at breakfast consisting in two slices of low-calcium Italian bread, toasted and served with butter as well as coffee or tea (with artificial sweetener, if desired) | R/E | [80] |
| Tofu with calcium sulfate | DNS | 200 | 39.0 (3.5) | R/E | ||
| Milk 2% fat | DNS | 300 | 30.6 (1.5) | Foods were ingested as part of a breakfast after an overnight fast with three pieces of low-calcium Italian-style white bread toasted with butter a cup of coffee (with artificial sweetener if desired) | R/E | [87] |
| Soy drink with tricalcium phosphate 2% fat | DNS | 300 | 35.8 (1.67) | R/E | ||
| Milk low fat | 30 mL | 38 | 50.1 (3) | Milk and carrots were ingested with 170 g calcium fortified orange juice in order to provide approximately 300 mg calcium | SSI/E | [109] |
| Ca-enriched carrots | 65 g | 40 | 42.6 (2.8) | SSI/I | ||
| Milk 1.9% fat | 165–224 mL | 268 | 24.5 (1.9) | Test foods were ingested in the middle of a light breakfast consisting of 2 slices of toasted white bread with butter and jam | DSI/E | [120] |
| Milk with tricalcium phosphate | 165–224 mL | 268 | 27.5 (2.0) | |||
| Skimmed milk | 136 mL | 180 | 45.5 (1.9) | Ingested without meal | DSI/E | [115] |
| Skimmed milk with calcium gluconate | 83 mL | 184 | 35.7 (4.7) | |||
| Milk 1.7% fat | 200 g | 223 | 31 (2.3) | Test foods were ingested within five minutes after the standardized breakfast which consisted of two slices of white bread with margarine and strawberry jam and 125 mL of mineral water | DSI/E | [119] |
| Ice cream 3% butterfat | 60 g | 227 | 26 (2.0) | |||
| Ice cream 9% coconut oil | 60 g | 224 | 28 (1.3) | |||
| Milk | 20 mL | 44 | 66 (0.1) | Test foods were ingested without meal, but the ingestion was followed | R/E | [116] |
| Soy drink calcium-fortified | 20 mL | 44 | 65 (0.1) | immediately by 200 mL of distilled water |
a Values are means, with SEM between brackets. b E, extrinsically-labeled; I, intrinsically-labeled; R, radioisotope; DR, double radioisotope; SSI, single stable isotope; DSI, dual stable isotope; DNS, data not supplied.