Table 3. Multilevel logistic regression analysis to assess factors associated with timely initiation of first ANC visit in reproductive-age women in sSA.

Variable	Empty model	Model I	Model II
		AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Maternal age
15–24		1	1
25–34		1.20 (1.17,1.23)	1.20 (1.17,1.22)
≥35		1.30 (1.26,1.34)	1.30 (1.26,1.35)
Maternal education
Not educated		1	1
Primary		0.95 (0.93,0.97)	0.96 (0.94,1.02)
Secondary		1.08 (1.05,1.11)	1.08 (1.06,1.11)
Higher		1.41 (1.33,1.48)	1.43 (1.36,1.51)
Wealth status
Poorest		1	1
Poorer		1.02 (0.99,1.05)	1.01 (0.98,1.04)
Middle		1.01 (0.97,1.03)	0.99 (0.98,1.02)
Richer		1.01 (0.98,1.04)	0.98 (0.95,1.02)
Richest		1.25 (1.21,1.30)	1.19 (1.14,1.22)
Employment status
Not employed		1	1
Employed		1.08 (1.06,1.10)	1.03 (0.96,1.08)
Ever had a pregnancy terminated
No		1	1
Yes		1.15 (1.12,1.18)	1.09 (0.98,1.11)
Parity
Primiparous		1	1
Multiparous		0.85 (0.83,0.87)	0.95 (0.92,1.04)
Grand multiparous		0.66 (0.64,0.68)	0.87 (0.84,1.03)
Pregnancy intention
Wanted then		1	1
Wanted later		0.81 (0.78,0.85)	0.84 (0.82,0.86)
No more		0.74 (0.71,0.79)	0.80 (0.77,0.83)
Media exposure
No		1	1
Yes		1.31 (1.29,1.34)	1.29 (1.26,1.32)
Distance from HF
Big problem		1	1
Not a big problem		1.07 (1.04,1.08)	1.05 (1.03,1.07)
Residence
Urban			1
Rural			0.90 (0.87,0.92)
Community media exposure
Low
Medium			1.08 (0.97,1.05)
High			1.01 (0.95,1.06)
Community-level litreacy
Low			1
Medium			1.51 (1.40,1.63)
High			1.56 (1.38,1.76)
Community-level poverty
Low			1
Medium			1.02 (0.92,1.13)
High			0.91 (0.80,1.03)
Community level variance	0.143	0.124	0.083
ICC	0.042	0.036	0.02
MOR	1.43	1.40	1.31
PCV	Reference	13.3	42.0
Deviance	307,152	281,410	280,944