Table 2.
Mean (se) daily intake per person (g) calculated from a maximum period of 14 days, fruit and veg = portion (80 g). * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.01), significant difference from baseline following Bonferroni corrected post hoc tests. Mean (range) number of days data per family for each stage were 13.86 (12–14) for baseline, 13.93 (13–14) for intervention, 14 (14) for immediate follow-up, and 14 (14) for one year follow-up.
| Baseline | Intervention | Immediate Follow-Up | One Year Follow-Up | Main Effect of TIME (df 339) |
Time * Meal Interaction (df 9117) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child (n = 23) | ||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1792 (90) | 1555 * (42) | 1630 (66) | 1576 * (59) | 0.001 | 0.068 |
| Carbohydrate | 251 (15) | 215 (7) | 221 (11) | 213 * (10) | 0.002 | 0.088 |
| Fibre | 17 (1) | 20 * (1) | 19 (1) | 18 (1) | 0.001 | 0.077 |
| Fructose | 19 (2) | 19 (2) | 18 (2) | 19 (3) | 0.956 | 0.704 |
| Glucose | 19 (3) | 16 (2) | 16 (2) | 16 (2) | 0.429 | 0.591 |
| Lactose | 14 (2) | 14 (1) | 14 (2) | 15 (2) | 0.982 | 0.007 |
| Sucrose | 46 (4) | 21 ** (2) | 26 ** (3) | 28 ** (3) | <0.000001 | <0.000001 |
| Sugar | 115 (12) | 78 ** (5) | 84 * (7) | 89 (8) | 0.0002 | 0.011 |
| Fat | 66 (3) | 54 ** (2) | 59 (3) | 57 * (3) | 0.0001 | 0.012 |
| Sat Fat | 25 (1) | 19 ** (1) | 21 (1) | 21 * (1) | 0.0002 | 0.0002 |
| Protein | 64 (4) | 66 (3) | 65 (3) | 66 (2) | 0.799 | 0.255 |
| Salt | 4.8 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.2) | 4.8 (0.3) | 4.6 (0.2) | 0.083 | 0.91 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 59 (16) | 65 (16) | 84 (8) | 90 (28) | 0.356 | 0.028 |
| Fruit and veg | 2.4 (0.3) | 3.4 ** (0.3) | 3.2 * (0.4) | 3.5 ** (0.2) | 0.0001 | n/a |
| Energy (kcal) | 1762 (79) | 1473 ** (79) | 1530 * (81) | 1693 (96) | 0.012 | 0.018 |
| Carbohydrate | 226 (12) | 189 * (12) | 198 (13) | 201 (15) | 0.014 | 0.04 |
| Fibre | 18 (1) | 20 (2) | 19 (2) | 19 (2) | 0.481 | 0.614 |
| Fructose | 17 (2) | 15 (2) | 17 (3) | 17 (2) | 0.658 | 0.026 |
| Glucose | 16 (2) | 13 (2) | 16 (2) | 14 (2) | 0.236 | 0.051 |
| Lactose | 14 (2) | 13 (2) | 12 (2) | 12 (2) | 0.293 | 0.006 |
| Sucrose | 36 (3.9) | 15 ** (1.5) | 21* (3.2) | 26 (3.5) | 0.00002 | 0.0003 |
| Sugar | 92 (7) | 60 ** (5) | 74 * (7) | 76 (8) | 0.003 | 0.052 |
| Fat | 67 (4) | 53 ** (3) | 56 ** (4) | 68 (5) | 0.003 | 0.168 |
| Sat Fat | 24 (2) | 17 ** (2) | 19 ** (2) | 24 (2) | 0.006 | 0.41 |
| Protein | 68 (3) | 68 (4) | 67 (4) | 80 (10) | 0.372 | 0.4 |
| Salt | 4.7 (0.3) | 4.2 (0.3) | 4.5 (0.4) | 4.8 (0.3) | 0.063 | 0.026 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 68 (15) | 71 (13) | 73 (14) | 96 (21) | 0.365 | 0.919 |
| Fruit and veg | 2.3 (0.3) | 2.9 (0.4) | 3.1 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.4) | 0.15 | n/a |
| Male parent (n = 12) | ||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1959 (99) | 1636 * (70) | 1731 * (81) | 1873 (95) | 0.00006 | 0.187 |
| Carbohydrate | 237 (16) | 198 * (13) | 213 (16) | 227 (17) | 0.002 | 0.084 |
| Fibre | 19 (1) | 20 (2) | 19 (1) | 20 (1) | 0.456 | 0.075 |
| Fructose | 13 (2) | 10 (2) | 12 (2) | 14 (2) | 0.055 | 0.292 |
| Glucose | 13 (2) | 9 (1) | 11 (2) | 13 (2) | 0.036 | 0.309 |
| Lactose | 14 (2) | 5 (1) | 8 (2) | 14 (2) | 0.45 | 0.733 |
| Sucrose | 37 (5) | 15 ** (3) | 23 (4) | 33 (7) | 0.0002 | 0.008 |
| Sugar | 85 (9) | 52 ** (6) | 65 (9) | 78 (11) | 0.0004 | 0.457 |
| Fat | 77 (3) | 62 ** (3) | 67 * (2) | 73 (5) | 0.003 | 0.42 |
| Sat Fat | 27 (2) | 21 (2) | 22 * (1) | 23 (2) | 0.006 | 0.2 |
| Protein | 79 (6) | 75 (4) | 73 (3) | 78 (4) | 0.406 | 0.602 |
| Salt | 6 (0.4) | 5.3 (0.3) | 5.6 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.3) | 0.111 | 0.308 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 49 (9) | 46 (7) | 45 (7) | 69 (11) | 0.04 | 0.417 |
| Fruit and veg | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.3) | 1.8 (0.2) | 2.4 * (0.3) | 0.004 | n/a |