Figure 2.

Protective effects of BLE against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in AML12 cells. Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of BLE for 24 h (A). After 24 h treatment with BLE, the media were replaced with new media containing H₂O₂ (B,C) and free fatty acids (D), and the cells were incubated for another 4 h. Cell viability was determined by an MTT assay (B,D) and intracellular ROS level was measured by flow cytometry (C). All results are expressed as means ± SEM (n ≥ 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.005, and ^# p < 0.001 vs. the H₂O₂ or free fatty acids (FAA) control.