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. 2021 Nov 8;145(2):134–150. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057709

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© 2021 The Authors.

Circulation is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 7. — One-sample mendelian randomization for vascular FD PRS and density PRS on retinal detachment. A, Association of the vascular density PRS and fractal dimension (FD) polygenic risk score (PRS) with combined prevalent and incident retinal detachment. Original model includes the following covariates: age, age squared, sex, smoking status, and the first 10 principal components of genetic ancestry. +Myopia adjustment reflects additional adjustment for prevalent myopia at the time of image acquisition. B, Relationship of vascular density PRS and vascular FD PRS with fraction of individuals developing retinal detachments and defects during their lifetime. Horizontal and vertical dotted lines reflect the average value for the respective axis. Shaded gray region reflects the 95% CI using a restricted maximum likelihood binomial generalized additive model with integrated smoothness from the gam() function in R. OR indicates odds ratio.