TABLE 2.
Postoperative Outcomes.
| Parameter | Prehabilitation Group (n = 28)‡ | Usual Care Group (n = 29)‡ | P-value§ | ||||||||||||||
| Clavien-Dindo Classification | Total | 1 | 2 | 3a | 3b | 4a | 4b | 5 | Total | 1 | 2 | 3a | 3b | 4a | 4b | 5 | |
| Number of patients with overall postoperative complication∗ | 12 (43%) | 8 (29%) | 3 (11%) | 1 (4%) | 21 (72%) | 5 (17%) | 12 (41%) | 1 (3%) | 3 (10%) | 0.02 | |||||||
| Comprehensive complication index42 | 17.3 (26.1) | 18.4 (16.5) | 0.24 | ||||||||||||||
| Surgical reintervention | 2 (7%) | 2 (7%) | >0.99 | ||||||||||||||
| Length of stay | 8.4 (7.4) | 9.1 (7.0) | 0.14 | ||||||||||||||
| ICU admission | 4 (14%) | 4 (14%)|| | >0.99 | ||||||||||||||
| Hospital readmission <30 days | 4 (14%) | 5 (17%) | >0.99 | ||||||||||||||
| Hospital readmission <90 d | 6 (21%) | 8 (28%) | 0.59 | ||||||||||||||
| Type of complication | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-surgical | 8 (29%) | 11 (38%) | 0.45 | ||||||||||||||
| Cardiovascular | 3 (11%) | 3 (11%) | 6 (21%) | 5 (17%) | 1 (3%) | ||||||||||||
| Neurological | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | ||||||||||||||
| Pulmonary | 5 (18%) | 4 (14%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (14%) | 1 (3%) | 3 (10%) | |||||||||||
| Renal | 4 (14%) | 3 (11%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | ||||||||||||
| Thromboembolic | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | ||||||||||||||
| Other† | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (14%) | 2 (7%) | 2 (7%) | ||||||||||||
| Surgical | 10 (36%) | 16 (55%) | 0.14 | ||||||||||||||
| Anastomotic leakage | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | |||||||||||||
| Intra-abdominal abscess | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | |||||||||||||
| Sepsis | 3 (11%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (7%) | 0 (0%) | |||||||||||||
| Ileus | 4 (14%) | 4 (14%) | 6 (21%) | 1 (3%) | 4 (14%) | 1 (3%) | |||||||||||
| Abdominal wound complication | 3 (11%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (4%) | 6 (21%) | 3 (10%) | 3 (10%) | |||||||||||
| Urological | 2 (7%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 3 (10%) | 3 (10%) | ||||||||||||
| Bleeding | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | |||||||||||||
| Iatrogenic intestinal injury | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | ||||||||||||||
Data are number of patients (%) or mean (SD).
∗
Some patients had multiple postoperative complications; the complication with the highest Clavien-Dindo grade26,27 is given in this row. An overall complication means any complication that occurred.
†
Delirium, collapse, decubitus.
§
P-value is given for the difference in overall complication rate between the prehabilitation and usual care group.
||
One out of these 4 patients was routinely admitted at the ICU postoperatively, not because of a complication.
ICU indicates intensive care unit.