| CUPRAC | Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity |
| DPPH | 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical |
| UHPLC-UV | ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection |
| RSA | radical scavenging activity |
| IC50 | 50% inhibition of the radical scavenging effect |
| GC-FID | high-resolution gas chromatography with flame ionization detection |
| GC-MS | gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection |
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