. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 10.

Published in final edited form as: N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 21;381(19):1801–1808. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1908483

Table 2:

Primary cause of death outcomes

Primary cause of death	FSP n	MPC n	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P^*
All causes ^**	1180	3807	0.87 (0.80, 0.93)	<0.001
Ischemic heart disease	173	568	0.80 (0.66, 0.97)	0.02
Lung cancer	74	362	0.53 (0.40, 0.70)	<0.001
Neurodegenerative disease	134	120
Unadjusted			4.10 (2.88, 5.83)	<0.001
Adjusted⁺			3.45 (2.11, 5.62)	<0.001

Cox proportional hazard regression;

^**

Overall, all-cause mortality does not fulfil the proportional hazards assumption, showing time dependent variability (see Figure 1);

⁺

Adjusted for competing risks of ischemic heart disease and all cancer deaths; FSP, former professional soccer players; MPC, matched population controls.