Table 4.

Cardiovascular potential of C. sativum from previous studies with details about the plant part used, extraction method, dosage em-ployed, phaytochemicals characterized, and isolation method.

Plant Part	Extraction Method	Dosage Employed	Phytochemicals Characterized	Isolation Method	Experimental Subject	Cardiovascular Effects (Outcome)	Reference
Leaves and stem	Ethanol extraction	200 mg/kg	Phenolics, flavonoids	Evaporation	Wistar albino rats	Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic Normoglycemic	Ananthan, et al. [78]
Seeds	Methanol extraction	100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg	N/D	Reduced pressure	Adult male Wistar rats	Decrease cardiac damage that causes myocardial infarction	Patel, Desai, Gandhi, Devkar and Ramachandran [49]
Seeds	Soxhlet extraction	250 mg/kg	N/D	Reduced pressure	Male albino rabbits	Hypolipidemic	Sharma, et al. [79]
Market-procured coriander powder suspended in water	-	1 g/kg	N/D	-	Male Wistar rats	Hypolipidemic	Lal, et al. [80]
Seed powder	-	2 g per day	N/D	-	Human individuals	Lower elevated blood pressure, Hypocholesterolemic	Zeb, et al. [81]
Market-procured seeds, powdered	-	5 g per day	N/D	-	Type 2 diabetic patients	Hypolipidemic, antioxidant	Rajeshwari, et al. [82]
Seeds	Aqueous extraction	200 mg/kg	N/D	-	Meriones shawi rats	Hypolipidemic Normo-glycemic Cardioprotective	Aissaoui, et al. [83]
Seeds	Hydrodistillation	IC50: 34.8 ± 2.3 μg/mL	Linalool	Hydrodistillation	In vitro study	Antihypertensive, Antioxidant	Chaudhary, et al. [84]
Seeds	Maceration in methanol	183 mg/kg	N/D	-	Rats	Cardioprotective	Afsheen, et al. [85]
Seeds	Homogenized seeds	10% of diet	N/D	-	Sprague-Dawley rats	Hypolipidemic	Dhanapakiam, et al. [86]
Seeds	Aqueous extraction	1 g/kg	N/D	-	Wistar albino rats	Cardioprotective, Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant, Improved left ventricle functions	Dhyani, et al. [87]
Leaves	Soxhlet extraction with multiple solvents	IC50: 28.91 ± 13.42 μg/mL	Pinocembrin, Apigenin, pseudobaptigenin, galangin-5-methyl ether, quercetin, baicalein, kaempferol, pinobanksin-glycosides, rutin, isorhamnetin, daidzein, luteolin, pectolinarigenin	LC-ESI-MS/MS	In vitro study	Antihypertensive	Hussain, Jahan, Rahman, Sultana and Jamil [20]
Seeds	Solvent extraction	Addition of 100 g to diet	Stigmasterol, Lanosterol, β-Sitosterol, D5Avenasterol, Sitostanol, D7stigmastenol, D7 Avenasterol, Tocopherols	Gas-liquid chromatography	Male albino rats	Hypocholesterolemic effect	Ramadan, Amer and Awad [77]
Seeds	Homogenized seeds	10% of diet	N/D	-	Female albino rats	Hypolipidemic	Chithra and Leelamma [88]
Seeds	Water extraction	300 mg/kg	N/D	-	Male albino rats	Antiarrhythmic	Rehman, Jahan, Khalil ul, Khan and Zafar [51]
Seeds	Maceration with Aqueous/Methanol	200 mg/kg	N/D	-	In vitro and in vivo study on Sprague-Dawley rats	Antioxidant, Hypocholesterolemic Anti-atherogenic	Patel, et al. [89]
Fruit	Maceration with Aqueous/Methanol	1–30 mg/mL as hypotensive 1–10 mg/kg as diuretic	N/D	Organic fractionation of the crude extract	In vivo and in vitro study	Anti-hypertensive, Diuretic	Jabeen, Bashir, Lyoussi and Gilani [50]
Leaves	Maceration with Methanol	100 mg/kg	N/D	-	Rabbits	Hypolipidemic	Kousar, et al. [90]