. 2022 Jan 2;14(1):174. doi: 10.3390/polym14010174

Table 1.

Petroleum-based polymers for antimicrobial packaging.

Host Polymer	Antimicrobial Agent	Preparation Method	Targeted Organism	Ref.
PVC	Ag-NP	Solvent casting	B. subtilis, A. niger, and F. solani	[66]
PVC	PHE-Zn	Solvent casting	E. coli and S. aureus	[67]
PVC	Orange essential oil	Solvent casting	E. coli and S. aureus	[68]
PET	Ag-NP	Melt blending	E. coli and Z. Bailii	[71]
PET	LDH-p-hydroxybenzoate	Coating	Salmonella spp. and C. jejuni	[69]
PET	ZnO, TiO₂	Melt blending	-	[72]
LDPE	ZnO	Melt blending	E. coli	[73]
LDPE	Ag-NP	Melt blending	E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and Salmonella enterica	[74]
LDPE	Thymol	Solvent casting	E. coli and Salmonella enterica	[75]
PE	Carvacrol and menthol	Coating	E. coli, S. aureus, L. innocua, and S. cervicea	[76]
PP	Sorbic acid	Extrusion molding	E. coli and S. aureus	[77]
PP	Oregano EO	Melt blending	B. thermosphacta	[78]
PP	Carvacrol	Melt compounding	E. coli and A. alternata	[79]
PS	GO-p(VBC)	Solvent casting	B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, and fungus candida	[80]
PS	ZnO-NP CaCO₃-NP TiO₂-NP	Encapsulation	S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. niger	[81]

Nanoparticle (NP); Pentaerythritol p-hydroxybenzoate ester-based zinc metal alkoxides (PHE-Zn); Layered double hydroxide para-hydroxybenzoate (LDH-p-hydroxybenzoate); Essential Oil (EO); graphene oxide/poly(4-vinylbenzyl chloride), GP(VBC).