. 2021 Dec 23;11(1):41. doi: 10.3390/plants11010041

Table 1.

Phenolic composition (mg g⁻¹) of different hop extracts determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (mean ± standard deviation).

		mg g⁻¹
Extraction Method	Time (min)	GA	pOH-B	SyrA	EllA	ProCA		Cat	EGC
CONV 25 °C	15	n.d.	n.d.	0.320 ± 0.008 ⁱ	0.262 ± 0.008 ^g	0.433 ± 0.048 ^ef		2.38 ± 0.07 ^de	0.095 ± 0.006 ^ef
	30	n.d.	0.452 ± 0.005 ^e	0.374 ± 0.013 ^h	0.290 ± 0.003 ^fg	0.519 ± 0.009 ^bc		2.19 ± 0.05 ^f	0.087 ± 0.001 ^fgh
	60	n.d.	0.519 ± 0.005 ^d	0.380 ± 0.001 ^gh	0.485 ± 0.068 ^c	0.441 ± 0.005 ^def		1.22 ± 0.02 ^l	0.086 ± 0.004 ^fgh
	120	n.d.	0.531 ± 0.002 ^d	0.398 ± 0.010 ^fgh	0.441 ± 0.014 ^d	0.462 ± 0.001 ^cdef		1.34 ± 0.02 ^il	0.083 ± 0.004 ^fgh
CONV 60 °C	15	n.d.	n.d.	0.416 ± 0.001 ^efgh	0.315 ± 0.001 ^f	0.555 ± 0.030 ^ab		2.74 ± 0.09 ^a	0.105 ± 0.009 ^de
	30	n.d.	0.529 ± 0.042 ^d	0.515 ± 0.042 ^bc	0.361 ± 0.005 ^e	0.418 ± 0.006 ^f		2.50 ± 0.05 ^cd	0.146 ± 0.003 ^a
	60	n.d.	0.614 ± 0.005 ^bc	0.482 ± 0.006 ^cd	0.628 ± 0.025 ^a	0.525 ± 0.001 ^bc		1.44 ± 0.05 ^hi	0.124 ± 0.008 ^b
	120	n.d.	0.634 ± 0.002 ^ab	0.544 ± 0.009 ^ab	0.570 ± 0.023 ^b	0.558 ± 0.001 ^ab		1.61 ± 0.04 ^g	0.147 ± 0.005 ^a
HPUS	15	0.079 ± 0.001 ^d	0.474 ± 0.001 ^e	0.411 ± 0.026 ^efgh	0.300 ± 0.013 ^fg	0.506 ± 0.024 ^bcde		2.68 ± 0.09 ^ab	0.094 ± 0.002 ^ef
	30	0.087 ± 0.001 ^bc	0.466 ± 0.009 ^e	0.419 ± 0.047 ^efgh	0.292 ± 0.001 ^fg	0.566 ± 0.050 ^ab		2.72 ± 0.13 ^ab	0.117 ± 0.001 ^bc
	60	0.086 ± 0.001 ^c	0.589 ± 0.032 ^c	0.419 ± 0.014 ^efg	0.490 ± 0.011 ^c	0.580 ± 0.104 ^ab		1.26 ± 0.03 ^l	0.079 ± 0.002 ^h
	120	n.d.	0.589 ± 0.015 ^c	0.481 ± 0.024 ^cd	0.494 ± 0.025 ^c	0.515 ± 0.020 ^bcd		1.52 ± 0.07 ^gh	0.108 ± 0.009 ^cd
US	15	0.085 ± 0.003 ^c	0.529 ± 0.010 ^d	0.453 ± 0.021 ^de	0.297 ± 0.001 ^fg	0.548 ± 0.041 ^ab		2.37 ± 0.00 ^e	0.088 ± 0.002 ^fgh
	30	0.099 ± 0.002 ^a	0.591 ± 0.010 ^c	0.575 ± 0.007 ^a	0.379 ± 0.007 ^e	0.616 ± 0.010 ^a		2.60 ± 0.05 ^bc	0.141 ± 0.005 ^a
	60	0.091 ± 0.003 ^b	0.640 ± 0.007 ^ab	0.439 ± 0.024 ^ef	0.521 ± 0.001 ^c	0.509 ± 0.012 ^bcd		1.33 ± 0.06 ^il	0.086 ± 0.003 ^fgh
	120	n.d.	0.654 ± 0.002 ^a	0.515 ± 0.002 ^bc	0.522 ± 0.001 ^c	0.513 ± 0.049 ^bcd		1.60 ± 0.00 ^g	0.122 ± 0.001 ^b
HHP	5	n.d.	0.472 ± 0.021 ^e	0.401 ± 0.001 ^fgh	0.295 ± 0.005 ^fg	0.544 ± 0.005 ^ab		2.34 ± 0.05 ^e	0.091 ± 0.004 ^fg
on		mg g⁻¹
Extraction Method	Time (min)	ChlA	ChicA	CafA	FerA	pCuA	Rut	XAN	TOT
CONV 25 °C	15	0.466 ± 0.001 ^m	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	0.653 ± 0.024 ⁱ	1.92 ± 0.09 ^d	6.53 ± 0.26 ^ilm
	30	0.484 ± 0.004 ^lm	n.d.	0.012 ± 0.002 ^de	0.012 ± 0.005 ^ef	0.029 ± 0.004 ^hi	0.656 ± 0.029 ⁱ	1.73 ± 0.16 ^ef	6.83 ± 0.27 ^ghi
	60	0.503 ± 0.006 ^il	n.d.	0.008 ± 0.005 ^e	0.022 ± 0.019 ^def	0.014 ± 0.010 ⁱ	0.612 ± 0.002 ^l	1.88 ± 0.01 ^de	6.17 ± 0.12 ⁿ
	120	0.520 ± 0.001 ^hi	n.d.	0.020 ± 0.001 ^cd	0.015 ± 0.013 ^ef	0.014 ± 0.007 ⁱ	0.770 ± 0.010 ^g	1.86 ± 0.08 ^de	6.46 ± 0.01 ^lmn
CONV 60 °C	15	0.525 ± 0.013 ^hi	n.d.	0.010 ± 0.004 ^de	0.021 ± 0.006 ^def	0.114 ± 0.001 ^de	0.727 ± 0.005 ^h	2.34 ± 0.10 ^bc	7.87 ± 0.05 ^cd
	30	0.532 ± 0.007 ^ghi	n.d.	0.026 ± 0.003 ^bc	0.029 ± 0.010 ^cde	0.159 ± 0.020 ^b	0.681 ± 0.011 ⁱ	2.67 ± 0.01 ^a	8.57 ± 0.01 ^a
	60	0.902 ± 0.003 ^a	n.d.	0.034 ± 0.003 ^b	0.054 ± 0.005 ^bc	0.046 ± 0.001 ^h	0.739 ± 0.005 ^gh	2.19 ± 0.02 ^c	7.77 ± 0.13 ^cd
	120	0.580 ± 0.008 ^cd	n.d.	0.055 ± 0.002 ^a	0.097 ± 0.021 ^a	0.104 ± 0.009 ^ef	0.859 ± 0.009 ^ab	2.49 ± 0.15 ^b	8.25 ± 0.02 ^ab
HPUS	15	0.531 ± 0.023 ^hi	n.d.	0.018 ± 0.004 ^cd	0.009 ± 0.02 ^ef	0.109 ± 0.009 ^de	0.767 ± 0.032 ^fg	1.66 ± 0.15 ^fg	7.64 ± 0.04 ^de
	30	0.563 ± 0.024 ^defg	n.d.	0.032 ± 0.001 ^b	0.023 ± 0.001 ^def	0.150 ± 0.005 ^b	0.814 ± 0.020 ^cd	1.41 ± 0.02 ^hi	7.66 ± 0.29 ^d
	60	0.547 ± 0.026 ^efgh	n.d.	0.033 ± 0.003 ^b	0.033 ± 0.023 ^def	0.030 ± 0.007 ^hi	0.785 ± 0.001 ^def	1.44 ± 0.01 ^h	6.36 ± 0.10 ^nm
	120	0.789 ± 0.001 ^b	n.d.	0.057 ± 0.008 ^a	0.089 ± 0.019 ^a	0.078 ± 0.019 ^g	0.789 ± 0.005 ^def	1.65 ± 0.04 ^fg	7.15 ± 0.14 ^g
US	15	0.577 ± 0.024 ^cde	n.d.	n.d.	0.017 ± 0.005 ^def	0.142 ± 0.015 ^bc	0.736 ± 0.001 ^h	1.49 ± 0.02 ^gh	7.33 ± 0.02 ^ef
	30	0.565 ± 0.026 ^cdef	0.162 ± 0.002 ^a	0.049 ± 0.012 ^a	0.078 ± 0.002 ^ab	0.199 ± 0.001 ^a	0.783 ± 0.003 ^def	1.23 ± 0.13 ^l	8.08 ± 0.24 ^bc
	60	0.567 ± 0.001 ^cdef	0.011 ± 0.001 ^c	0.033 ± 0.001 ^b	0.042 ± 0.006 ^cd	0.126 ± 0.006 ^cd	0.831 ± 0.001 ^bc	1.24 ± 0.00 ^il	6.45 ± 0.11 ^mn
	120	0.597 ± 0.007 ^c	0.117 ± 0.005 ^b	0.057 ± 0.005 ^a	0.094 ± 0.005 ^a	0.087 ± 0.001 ^fg	0.877 ± 0.009 ^a	1.23 ± 0.01 ^l	6.98 ± 0.02 ^gh
HHP	5	0.538 ± 0.015 ^fgh	n.d.	0.026 ± 0.007 ^bc	0.014 ± 0.007 ^ef	0.119 ± 0.012 ^de	0.801 ± 0.021 ^cde	1.09 ± 0.05 ^l	6.73 ± 0.09 ^hil

CONV 25 °C: conventional extraction at 25 °C; CONV 60 °C conventional extraction at 60 °C; HPUS: high power ultrasounds; US ultrasounds; HHP: high hydrostatic pressure; GA: Gallic Acid; pOH-B: p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid; SyrA: Syringic Acid; EllA: Ellagic Acid; ProCA: Protocatechuic Acid; Cat; Catechin; EGC: Epigallocatechin; ChlA: Chlorogenic Acid; ChicA Chicoric Acid; CafA: Caffeic Acid; FerA: Ferulic Acid; pCuA: p-Cumaric Acid; Rut: Rutin; XAN: Xanthohumol; TOT: Total; n.d.: not detected. Data on columns with different letters were statistically different at p-level < 0.05.