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. 2021 Dec 30;14(1):174. doi: 10.3390/nu14010174

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Forest plots demonstrating OR and 95% CI of pooled results from the random effects models to evaluate the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of mortality: (A) all-cause, (B) CVD-cause, (C) heart-cause, and (D) cancer-cause. The study-specific HR and 95 % CI are represented by black squares and horizontal lines, respectively; the area of the grey square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The center of the open diamond and the vertical dashed line represent the pooled HR, and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI.

Forest plots demonstrating OR and 95% CI of pooled results from the random effects models to evaluate the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of mortality: (A) all-cause, (B) CVD-cause, (C) heart-cause, and (D) cancer-cause. The study-specific HR and 95 % CI are represented by black squares and horizontal lines, respectively; the area of the grey square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The center of the open diamond and the vertical dashed line represent the pooled HR, and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI.