. 2021 Dec 28;11(1):81. doi: 10.3390/plants11010081

Table 1.

Metabolites produced by fungi, especially fungal endophytes, which have shown a certain control of phytopathogens.

Metabolite(s)	Producer Fungi	Fungal Pathogen(s)	Action ¹	Conditions ²	Efficacy ³	Ref.
(12R)-12-Hydroxymonocerin	Exserohilum sp.	Fusarium oxysporum	A	IV	3%	[104]
3-(5-Oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl) propanoic acid	Aspergillus tubingensis	Fusarium graminearum	A	IV	2-fold	[105]
4-Methylmellein, 4-hydroxymellein, 6-hydroxymellein, tyrosol	Penicillium sp.	Fusarium oxysporum	A	IV	35%	[106]
4-Prenyloxyclavatol	Nigrospora sphaerica	Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	A	IV	63%	[107]
5-Methylmellein	Biscogniauxia mediterranea	Phomopsis obscurans Phomopsis viticola	A	IV	5%	[108]
5-(Undeca-3′,5′,7′-trien-1′-yl) furan-2-ol	Emericella sp.	Verticillium dahliae	A	IV	49%	[109]
5-(Undeca-3′,5′,7′-trien-1′-yl) furan-2-carbonate	Emericella sp.	Verticillium dahliae	A	IV	12%	[109]
Bicolorin D	Saccharicola bicolor	Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	A	IV	13%	[110]
Bicolorin D	Saccharicola bicolor	Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	A	IP-A	57%	[110]
Brefeldin A	Cladosporium sp.	Aspergillus niger	A	IV	8-fold	[111]
Cercosporamide	Cadophora orchidicola	Fusarium oxysporum Pestalotia diospyri Botrytis cinerea Sclerotium rolfsii Penicillium digitatum	A	IV	-	[112]
Cuminic acid	Aspergillus spp.	Phytophthora spp.	A	IV	-	[113]
Epirodin	Epicoccum nigrum	Brotrytis cinerea	A	IV, IP-A	-	[114]
Ergot alkaloids	Claviceps purpurea	-	A	-	-	[96]
Exserolide C	Exserohilum sp.	Fusarium oxysporum	A	IV	3%	[104]
Ferric chloride, potassium hydroxide, vanillin–sulfuric acid	Xylaria allantoidea	-	A	IV	-	[103]
Geoxantethers A and B	Fungus from Massarinaceae	Microbotryum violaceum	A	IV	16%	[115]
Griseofulvin	Penicillium sp.	Botrytis cinerea	A	IV	-	[95]
Guignardianone C	Phyllosticta sp.	Botrytis cinerea	A	IV	52%	[96]
Hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-bis ((trimethylsilyl) oxy) propyl ester	Trichoderma harzanium	Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	A	IV	25%	[116]
Leucinostatins A and B	Purpureocillium lilacinum	Phytophthora sp.	A	IV	-	[117]
Macrosporin	Phoma sp.	Fusarium graminearum	A	IV	10%	[118]
Methyl dichloroasterrate	Aspergillus capensis	Botrytis cinerea Monilinia fructicola Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia trifoliorum	A, ISR	IV	17%	[119]
Monocerin	Drechslera sp.	Botrytis cinerea Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	A	IV, IP-A	-	[120]
Nigrosporamide A	Nigrospora sphaerica	Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	A	IV	10.83-fold	[107]
Not identified	Metarhizium anisopliae	Fusarium graminearum Fusarium oxysporum	A	IV	-	[121]
Not identified	Metarhizium anisopliae	Fusarium graminearum	A	IP-F	-	[53]
Palmitic acid, stearic acid, octadecenoic acid	Fusarium oxysporum	-	A, ISR, PGP	IV	-	[82]
Penicillither	Aspergillus capensis	Botrytis cinerea Monilinia fructicola Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia trifoliorum	A	IV	5%	[119]
Penochalasin K	Penicillium chrysogenum,	Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	A	IV	10-fold	[122]
Penochalasin K	Penicillium chrysogenum,	Rhizoctonia solani	A	IV	2.66-fold	[122]
Pestalachlorides A, B and C	Pestalotiopsis adusta	Fusarium culmorum Gibberella zeae Verticillium aiboatrum	A	IV	-	[123]
Pretrichodermamide A	Trichoderma harzianum Epiccocum nigrum	Ustilago maydis	A	IV	2-fold	[124]
Pseudoanguillosporin A	Pseudoanguillospora sp.	Mycrobotryum violaceum	A	IV	40%	[125]
Pyrenophorol	Lophodermium nitens	Cronartium ribicola	A	IP-G	-	[126]
Rosellichalasin	Aspergillus capensis	Botrytis cinerea Monilinia fructicola Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia trifoliorum	A	IV	32%	[119]
Speciosin U	Saccharicola sp.	Cladosporium cladosporioides	A	IV	-	[127]
Sporothriolide	Nodulisporium sp.	Rhizoctonia solani Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	A	IV	60%	[128]
Sporothriolide	Nodulisporium sp.	Rhizoctonia solani Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	A	IP-G	79%	[128]
Trichodermin	Trichoderma brevicompactum	Rhizoctonia solani	A	IV	1.44-fold	[129]
Trichodermin	Trichoderma brevicompactum	Fusarium solani	A	IV	1.21-fold	[129]
Versicolorin B	Aspergillus versicolor	Colletotrichum musae	A	IV	-	[130]
Viriditoxin	Byssochlamys spectabilis	Fusarium spp.	A	IV; IP-G	-	[20]

¹ Mechanism of action involved in the biocontrol: antibiosis (A); induced systemic resistance (ISR); plant growth promotion (PGP). ² Conditions in which the antifungal bioactivity was obtained: in vitro (IV); in planta (or detached tissues) axenic conditions in laboratory (IP-A); in planta controlled conditions in greenhouse (IP-G); in planta uncontrolled conditions in the field (IP-F). ³ Efficacy: average percentage of efficacy of the biological compound in relation to the positive control (chemical fungicide) used in the corresponding study.