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. 2021 Dec 31;14(1):143. doi: 10.3390/polym14010143

Table 1.

Fiber cell wall mechanical properties of different materials biomass.

Species Modulus (GPa) Hardness (GPa) References
Spruce 17.1 0.38 [40]
Masson pine 19.18 0.53 [41]
Chinese fir 17.8 0.42
Manchurian ash 17.5 0.48 [47]
Loblolly pine 14.2–17.6 0.43–0.53 [48]
Hemp 12.3 0.41 [49]
Cotton stalk 16.3 0.85
Flax stalk 17.4 0.39 [50]
Bamboo
(Dendrocalamus farinosus)
18.56 410.7 [51]
Bamboo (moso) 19.59–20.31 0.43–0.45 This work