Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the healthy volunteers and the ESRD patients
| Parameter | Healthy volunteers (n = 23) | A total of dialysis patients (n = 50) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical parameters | |||
| Male sex | 9 (39.1) | 30 (60) | 0.092 |
| Age, yr | 45.9 ± 10.9 | 48.4 ± 13.6 | 0.181 |
| Dialysis vintage at this study entry, mo | - | 30 (20–78.5) | - |
| Diabetics | - | 10 (20) | - |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.1 ± 4.0 | 25.9 ± 4.4 | 0.672 |
| Anuria | - | 17 (34) | - |
| RRF, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 72.0 (63.0–77.8) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | < 0.001 |
| Serum albumin, g/L | 43.4 (41.1–45.1) | 40.0(36.6–40.9) | < 0.001 |
| Total blood protein, g/L | 69.6 ± 4.7 | 63.7 ± 7.53 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 115 (100–125) | 140 (134–145) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 79.0 (66.2–82.0) | 90 (85–90) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 126.3 ± 11.5 | 110.2 ± 16.9 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.3 (4.9–5.5) | 5.2 (4.2–5.7) | 0.377 |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.4 (2.3–2.5) | 2.3 (2.22–2.46) | 0.022 |
| Phosphorus, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
| iPTH, ng/L | - | 294.5 (184.0–437.0) | |
| Uric acid, mmol/L | 266 (162.8–375.6) | 326.5 (278.8–387.7) | 0.008 |
| Lipid profile parameters | |||
| Totalcholesterol, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 0.96 | 5.6 ± 1.6 | 0.083 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.6 (1.16–2.5) | 0.015 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 3.18 ± 0.38 | 0.013 |
| VLDL-C, mmol/L | 0.55 (0.3–0.86) | 0.7 (0.45–1.2) | 0.021 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.55 (1.3–1.68) | 1.2 (1.03–1.4) | 0.001 |
| AIP | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |
| Pro-inflammatory markers | |||
| CRP, mg/L | 4.9 (3.7–9.9) | 11.6 (7.6–15.5) | 0.001 |
| Interleukin 6, pg/mL | 0 | 2.17 (0.2–5.1) | - |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | 0.1 (0–2.1) | 1.2 (0.3–2.3) | 0.011 |
| MCP-1, pg/mL | 188 (114.5–215.5) | 318.7 (278–378.1) | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as number (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range). The values are compared between the groups using the chi-square tests, the Student’s t test and the Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate.
ESRD, end-stage renal disease; RRF, renal residual function; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-C, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AIP, atherogenic index of plasma; CRP, C-reactive protein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.