Fig. 2.

Effects of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract (CME) and isochlorogenic acid A (IcA) on muscle protein degradation in L6 myotubes. L6 myotubes were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (50 ng/mL), CME (1 and 10 μg/mL), and IcA (1 and 10 μM). (A and B) Relative protein levels of p-FoxO3a and FoxO3a were measured using western blot, with α-tubulin as the housekeeping gene. (C and D) Relative mRNA levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 were measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, with β-actin as the housekeeping gene. Group differences were assessed using Scheffe multiple range test. ^#P<0.05 and ^##P<0.01 (negative control group vs. TNF-α–treated group) and *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 (TNF-α–treated group vs. CME- and IcA-treated groups).