Table 2.

Environmental impact of aquatic plastic pollution.

Sources	Problems	Consequences	References
Plastic wastes from daily life	Entanglement due to plastic threads	Death of marine fauna and other aquatic animals (e.g., seabirds and turtles)	Haque et al. (2020)
Macro-plastics from face masks	Mismanagement of single-use face masks and face shields	Act as a medium for COVID-19 outbreaks because microparticles can accumulate in the food web	Klemeš et al. (2020)
Macro-plastics from PPE kits	• Improper disposal of PPE kits and surgical gloves • Mismanagement of solid waste	• Medium of COVID-19 outbreaks • Bioaccumulation of toxic substances, eventually entering the food web	[34] and [46]
Plastic bin bags from medical waste	• Mismanagement and improper disposal of bin bags from medical waste • Improper solid waste management from medical field	• Bioaccumulation of toxins • Bioaccumulation of organic pollutants • Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy toxic metals	Yang et al. (2020)
Other plastic wastes	• Consist of various toxic substances and chemicals • Adsorption of various toxic chemicals and POPs	• Toxic substances or chemicals can be released to aquatic environments during the degradation process • Affect marine organisms and contribute to environmental deterioration	Selvaranjan et al. (2021)