Table 3.

Summary of human health hazards due to MP pollution.

Category of diseases	Threat type	Impact	Reference
Acute diseases	Chemical and toxicological threat: Inhibition of an organism’s detoxification mechanism (e.g., ABC transporters) causing acute toxicity and lethality	Digestive issues, interstitial lung diseases, airway diseases, and inflammatory diseases	Prata (2018) and [79]
Chronic diseases	Toxicological threat: Release of mutagenic and genotoxic compounds Endocrine disrupting agents	Carcinogenesis Reduced male fertility and breast cancer in females	Fackelmann and Sommer (2019)