TABLE 3.
Distribution of markers in the series of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (training set)
| Marker | Frequency | Best OS cut‐off | Low | High | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | ±SD | Median | No | % | No | % | ||
| CD68 | 15.2 | 8.4 | 13.5 | 28.0 | 120.0 | 92.3 | 10.0 | 7.7 |
| CD16 | 6.2 | 9.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 56.0 | 45.9 | 66.0 | 54.1 |
| MITF | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 81.0 | 66.4 | 41.0 | 33.6 |
| CD163 | 22.7 | 19.4 | 17.9 | 20.5 | 75.0 | 57.3 | 56.0 | 42.7 |
| PTX3 | 11.0 | 17.0 | 1.5 | 49.0 | 125.0 | 95.4 | 6.0 | 4.6 |
| IL‐10 | 8.3 | 9.9 | 4.9 | 9.6 | 39.0 | 66.1 | 20.0 | 33.9 |
| FOXP3 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 4.5 | 111.0 | 84.1 | 21.0 | 15.9 |
| RGS1 | 9.3 | 11.7 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 44.0 | 40.7 | 64.0 | 59.3 |
The immune microenvironment markers were initially evaluated as an ordinal variable a 0, 1+, 2+, and 3+ as <1%, 1%‐5%, 5%‐20%, and >20%, respectively, under the optical microscope. After digitalization the percentage of positive cells was quantified using Fiji software. Then, the best cut‐off for the overall survival (OS) was found from the quantitative data (ie, the most significant P value). Figure 1 shows immunohistochemical images of the different immune markers with the evaluation reference under the microscope and a characteristic image of high values for each marker that were associated with poor OS.
Abbreviations: IL‐10, interleukin‐10; MITF, microphthalmia transcription factor; PTX3, pentraxin 3; RGS1, regulator of G‐protein signaling 1.