TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of ATLL patients according to CD28 expression
| Characteristics | CD28 overexpression | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Absence | Presence | ||
| Number (%) | 65 (54) | 55 (46) | |
| Sex | |||
| Females | 35 (54) | 32 (58) | .713 |
| Males | 30 (46) | 23 (42) | |
| Clinical variant | |||
| Indolent | 8 (12) | 4 (7) | .543 |
| Aggressive | 57 (88) | 51 (93) | |
| ECOG PS a | |||
| 0, 1 | 51 (78) | 39 (72) | .521 |
| 2, 3, 4 | 14 (22) | 15 (28) | |
| Ann Arbor stage | |||
| I, II | 11 (17) | 8 (15) | .805 |
| III, IV | 54 (83) | 47 (85) | |
| Age (years) | |||
| ≤70 | 44 (68) | 42 (76) | .317 |
| >70 | 21 (32) | 13 (24) | |
| Serum sIL‐2R (U/mL) b | |||
| ≤20 000 | 41 (68) | 31 (57) | .249 |
| >20 000 | 19 (32) | 23 (43) | |
| Serum Ca (mg/dL) c , e | |||
| ≤11 | 54 (90) | 47 (85) | .572 |
| >11 | 6 (10) | 8 (15) | |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) d | |||
| ≥3.5 | 46 (75) | 35 (64) | .224 |
| <3.5 | 15 (35) | 20 (36) | |
| WBC (/μL) d | |||
| Mean | 12,129 | 16,928 | .355 |
| Median | 7,240 | 8,400 | |
| Range | 3,430‐68,400 | 2,500‐232,100 | |
| Hb (g/dL) d | |||
| Mean | 12.7 | 13 | .349 |
| Median | 12.8 | 13.2 | |
| Range | 8.9‐16 | 7.9‐17.1 | |
| Plt (×103/μL) d | |||
| Mean | 231 | 218 | .853 |
| Median | 214 | 212 | |
| Range | 15‐622 | 29‐444 | |
Abbreviations: Alb, albumin; ATLL, adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma; Ca, calcium; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; Hb, hemoglobin; Plt, platelet count.; PS, performance status; sIL‐2R, soluble interleukin‐2 receptor; WBC, white blood cell count.
a
One patient's data were missing.
b
Six patients' data were missing.
c
Five patients' data were missing.
d
Four patients' data were missing.
e
When the serum Alb level was less than 4.0 g/dL, serum Ca was adjusted by the concentration of serum Alb as follows: adjusted Ca level (mg/dL) = measured Ca level (mg/dL) + [4‐ albumin level (g/dL)].