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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2021 Nov 18;292:114582. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114582

Figure 1. Conceptual Diagrams for Mediation and for Moderated Mediation.

Figure 1.

(a) This conceptual diagram shows the simple mediation models where we tested whether family functioning (family conflict or cohesion, tested in separate models) had indirect effects on mental health outcomes (depression or anxiety) through sleep (sleep disturbance, sleep duration, or sleep efficiency). The indirect effect is estimated as a*b (the product of paths a and b.

(b) This conceptual diagram shows the moderated mediation models where we tested whether AI/AN cultural identity moderated the indirect effects of family conflict/cohesion on depression/anxiety via subjective or objective measures of sleep. The moderated mediation effect is tested as the product term of the moderating effects and the path between mediator and outcome.