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. 2022 Jan 10;12:456. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04186-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) The QRS- and T-area vectors are calculated from the areas under the curves in the QRST x, y, and z complexes. (B) The ventricular gradient (VG) is the resultant vector of the QRS and T integral vector. (C) VG-RVPO the VG vector sum in a specific spatial direction providing an optimized projection for detection of RV pressure overload (VG magnitude at elevation 27° and azimuth 155°). Az, azimuth; El, elevation; V, heart vector; T, transverse palne; F, frontal plane; S, sagital plane. Measurements were performed using MEDEA device (licence number 245/2018, http://medea.pl/komputerowy-aparat-ekg/).