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. 2022 Jan 10;13(1):47. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-04482-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Calpain-activity assay and immunostaining for activated calpain-2 in wt and rd1 retina. ToPro (red) and DAPI (grey) were used as nuclear counterstain, respectively. Untreated retina (ctrl; a–d) was compared to treatment with 50 µM of either D-cis diltiazem (e–h) or L-cis diltiazem (i–l). The bar graphs show the least-square (LS) means percentages of cells positive for calpain activity (m) and activated calpain-2 (n) in wt and rd1 retina, compared to the untreated control (ctrl). Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference from a contrast test performed between control and 50 μM L-cis-diltiazem treatment (L-50 µM). For statistical analysis, see Tables S7 and S8; error bars represent SEM; **p < 0.01. Scale bar = 30 µm.