Fig. 1.

Conceptual model showing correlates of emotion regulation (ER) in pregnancy. Dashed boxes represent variables for which we lack research, though there is a need for more studies investigating all of the correlates shown here. Note that there are likely to be bidirectional associations between prenatal ER and other prenatal variables. It is also likely that prenatal ER indirectly influences postnatal outcomes via its associations with prenatal health and caregiving, in addition to direct effects depicted here