Table 2.
In-vivo chondrogenicity by Sy-MSCs
| Author | Objective | Animal | Inference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ozeki et al. [49] | Investigated the effects of single or repetitive intra-articular injections of Sy-MSCs | Rat osteoarthritis model | Periodic injections of Sy-MSCs maintained viable cells without losing their MSC properties in knees and inhibited osteoarthritis progression by secretion of trophic factors |
| Schmal et al. [86] | Compared the regenerative tissue quality following matrix-associated cell implantation using amplified chondrocytes compared to Sy-MSCs for cartilage lesions | Osteochondral lesions in rabbit femur | Cartilage regeneration following matrix-associated implantation using allogenic undifferentiated synovium-derived stem cells in a defect model in rabbits showed similar macroscopic results and collagen composition compared to amplified chondrocytes; however, biomechanical characteristics and histological scoring were inferior |
| Pei et al. [87] | Investigated engineered Sy-MSCs to repair allogeneic full-thickness femoral condyle cartilage | Osteochondral lesions in rabbit knees | Confirmed smooth hyaline cartilage from the regenerate cartilage after following it up for 6 months and hence allogeneic Sy-MSC based premature tissue constructs are a promising stem cell-based approach for cartilage defects |
| Li et al. [88] | To analyze cartilage repair tissue quality following Sy-MSCs transplantation in osteochondral defect | Osteochondral lesions in rabbit knees | Qualified the cartilage quality of the osteochondral lesions repaired through Sy-MSCs in rabbit knees revealed greater tissue quality in the treated animals |
| Lee et al. [89] | To determine the in-vivo effectiveness of Sy-MSCs encapsulated injectable PRP gel in the repair of damaged articular cartilage | Osteochondral lesions in rabbit knees | Platelet-rich plasma to deliver the Sy-MSCs to regenerate full-thickness chondral lesions. The treated group showed significant microscopic and macroscopic scores at 6 months follow-up |
| Shimomura et al. [90] | Combination therapy of Sy-MSCs with HA | Full-thickness cartilage lesions in rabbits | Subjects with Sy-MSCs and HA showed faster integration and improved osteochondral appearance while the controls demonstrated osteoarthritis-like features at 6-month follow-up |
| Li et al. [53] | Utilized Sy-MSCs from arthroscopic washing fluid loaded on to cross-linking hyper-branched polyPEGDA/HA hydrogel | Full-thickness cartilage defects generated in a murine model | Superior results obtained in repairing the chondral lesions compared to the controls or untreated groups. Human arthroscopic flushing fluid-MSCs are a novel and abundant MSC source that have high therapeutic value for cartilage regeneration |
| Shimomura et al. [55] | To assess the safety and efficacy of using a scaffold-free tissue-engineered construct (TEC) derived from autologous Sy-MSCs for effective cartilage repair | Osteochondral lesions of human knees | Autologous scaffold-free TEC derived from synovial MSCs may be used for regenerative cartilage repair via a sutureless and simple implantation procedure in osteochondral lesions of knee |
| Sekiya et al. [92] | To investigate the efficacy of Sy-MSC transplantation in cartilage defects | Femoral condyle chondral lesions of human knees | Transplantation of Sy-MSCs may be less invasive than mosaicplasty and autologous chondrocyte implantation and found superior in treating femoral osteochondral lesions |