Table 1.
Comparison of sensing smart facemasks that can be found in the literature.
| Measured parameter | Transmission method | Powering method | Substrate material | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensor(s) | Electronics | ||||
| Ammonia, formaldehyde, & ethanol gases | Visual LED indicator | Battery | Flexible nylon rope | Rigid PCB | 40 |
| Particulate matter (PM) sensor | Wired or wireless (Bluetooth) | Battery | Commercial device (rigid) | Rigid PCB | 41 |
| Temperature & strain | Wireless (N/S) | Battery | Flexible PI | Rigid PCB (Arduino) | 42 |
| Humidity | Wireless (UHF RFID) | Energy harvesting (UHF RFID reader) | Flexible PI | Flexible PI and PET | 43 |
| Moisture | Wireless (UHF RFID) | Energy harvesting (UHF RFID reader) | Woven fabric | Woven fabric | 44 |
| HR/BP, SpO2 & temperature | Wireless (Bluetooth) | Battery | Commercial sensors (rigid) | Rigid PCB | 45 |
| Respiratory rate | Digital LCD screen | Energy harvesting (Electret nanogenerator) | PEI electret nonwoven | N/A | 46 |
| O2, CO2 & activity (accelerometer) | Wireless (Bluetooth) | Battery | Commercial sensors (rigid) | Rigid PCB | 47 |
| CO2 & temperature | Wireless (HF RFID: NFC) | Energy harvesting (NFC-enabled smartphone) | Flexible PET | Flexible PET | This work |