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. 2022 Jan 10;12:12. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01712-0

Fig. 1. Transcriptional changes in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) compared to healthy controls (HC).

Fig. 1

a Volcano plot of all 19175 genes; significantly (p < 0.05) differentially expressed genes (fold change > or <1.3) are indicated in red (upregulated), or blue (downregulated). Gene names are indicated for the top 25 differentially expressed protein-coding genes. b Pathways enriched in TRD vs. HC subjects (red = positive z-score, blue = negative z-score) identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analyzer (IPA). c 5 most significant gene ontology (GO) terms for upregulated genes enriched in TRD vs. HC. No significant GO terms in downregulated genes. d Genes enriched in Interferon signaling pathway combined from both IPA and GO (red indicates upregulated in TRD vs. HC). e Predicted upstream regulators using IPA (red = predicted activation, blue = predicted inhibition).